Pastor Jeff Meyers asked a question in Sunday School this morning that has had me thinking all day. He asked something along the lines of, “What did the early churches posess that instructed them in matters of doctrine and practice?”
Isn't that an important question? By the middle of the first century, the gospels were circulating, but surely a copy couldn’t be found in every church. If you were in Rome, or Corinth or if by chance your name was Philemon, you received a piece of the New Testament in the mail. But not everyone received a letter from Paul. If the canon of scripture wasn’t agreed upon and compiled until the 200’s at the earliest, and complete copies unavailable throughout most of the Christian world for years following, what was the common authoritative written source of knowledge of God?
The answer is simple, it seems. They had the scriptures that we call the Old Testament. Whence came their theology? How did they know how to worship? How did they know whom to baptize? Who was welcome at the Lord’s table? How do you love God and serve Him? How do you raise your family? What do you preach, and study and mediate upon?
You have God’s Word! All 39 books of it! (40 if you live in Ephesus). The first, second and third century Christians didn’t have to wait around until the Epistles and Gospels were compiled and added to the canon before they had anything to study and preach. I am sure the widely available Hebrew Scriptures were more than enough to keep them busy.
This is a bad analogy, but it is the one that leaps into my head. Do you remember when you first saw Return of the Jedi and finally learned the whole back-story of Darth Vader, the Emperor, Luke and Leia? What did you want to do? Well, I remember that I couldn’t wait to get a hold of the first two movies to watch again. And when I did, they made sense in a way that they never had before. And those are just dumb movies written by a pagan.
With the incarnation and crucifixion and resurrection and ascension of Christ, the Hebrew Scriptures made sense in a way that they could have never been understood before. With the prophecies being fulfilled in Christ, they could now be appreciated in their fullest sense. They could delight in the law of the Lord and in His law meditate day and night with a view to Christ’s perfect fulfillment of it. For them the Old Testament was the Bible, and it was sufficient.
SO WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
I get the sense from a lot of modern evangelicals that the Old Testament is really just a big waste of paper. They look for verbatim commands in the Gospels or Epistles to guide their practices of worship, baptism and general church life. When they find none, which is most often the case, they feel that they are then free to just make it up as they go along, or do whatever seems most reasonable to them.
In Ronald Knox’s closing pages of “Enthusiasm”, (a survey of Christian sects and extremists past and present), he writes:
“The evangelical (illogically, perhaps, but by habit) regards the Bible, not the inner light, as the ultimate source of theological certainty. But, in so far as he is true to type, he will reject the interpretations offered to him by scholars. He prefers to get down ‘his Bible’ and ‘see what it says’; from the plain sense of it there is no appeal.”
To Knox’s words I would add that the evangelical regards the New Testament alone as the ultimate source of theological certainty, and that from his plain understanding of the New Testament there is no appeal to the Old. Moreover, while the evangelical may reject the notion of ‘inner light’ and ‘private interpretation’, this is exactly what he practices when he rejects the interpretations of scholars, even the churchmen of the past 20 centuries. He favors his own special reading of the text over the others’, claiming special insight as if he has found something new that no one in the whole history of the church has ever laid eyes on. This is the natural outcome, because he willingly has less than a third of the Scriptures at his disposal. When they are interpreted outside of the context of the whole of God’s written Word, there is no limit to how many “new” and innovative theologies can thus be fabricated.
If the oldest 39 books of the Bible were sufficient to be used almost exclusively in preaching and instruction for the first couple of centuries after Christ, we are in no way in error when we appeal to them to help us in our understanding of the doctrines of baptism and worship. They were the only Scriptures available to God’s people for many, many years and they were the same scriptures Paul had in mind when he penned 2 Timothy 3:15-17.